{"id":3706,"date":"2020-09-07T13:50:25","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T13:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/?p=3706"},"modified":"2020-09-07T13:50:25","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T13:50:25","slug":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/?p=3706","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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&quot;\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0631\u062a&quot;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a (1903 \u0640 2002) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a 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&quot;\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0633&quot; (1761 \u0640 1826) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 &quot;\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062f \u063a\u0648\u064a\u0648&quot; (1807 \u0640 1884) \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a &quot;\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631&quot;. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &quot;\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0644&quot; (1863 \u0640 1932)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064e\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0644&quot; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 &quot;\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0633&quot; (1850 \u0640 1934) \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 &quot;\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646&quot; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a &quot;\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634&quot; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1925 \u0640 1931 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631&quot; (1889 \u0640 1975)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a &quot;\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0646&quot;\u060c (1899 \u0640 1992) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 &quot;\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0646&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &quot;\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629&quot;:&quot; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[2]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"USA- Histoire (7) Am\u00e9rique multiculturelle\" src=\"https:\/\/www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca\/amnord\/images\/USA-map-multi-ethnique.GIF\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643\u0644\u0648 \u0640 \u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 &quot;\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0633&quot; \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 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\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 &quot;\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&quot;:&quot; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[4]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d &quot;\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648&quot; \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b 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&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 &quot;\u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646&quot; \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643\u0644\u0648 \u0640 \u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 &quot; \u0625\u0641. \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0646&quot; \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &quot; <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">The Reader&rsquo;s Diges<\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&quot;<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1941. \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a &quot;\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631&quot; \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062e \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[10]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a\u0647 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a &quot;\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a&quot;\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &quot; <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">The Reader&rsquo;s Diges<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&quot;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[11]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f &quot;\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a&quot; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a &quot;\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a&quot;\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a &quot;\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646&quot; \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[12]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1942 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646&quot; \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[13]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0641&quot; \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &quot; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[14]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648 (1758\u0640 1831) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a &quot;\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0631&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 &quot;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f&quot; \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 &quot;\u0622\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646&quot; \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642&quot; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f 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\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a &quot;\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0633\u064a&quot; (1890 \u0640 1956) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e &quot;\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0633\u064a&quot; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 &quot;\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f 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\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[24]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 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\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">neo-<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> positivism<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. (\u0635 647). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627&quot;. (\u0635658). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627:&quot; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot;. (\u0635182). \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:&quot; \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a &quot;\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064d&quot; 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\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[27]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b &quot;\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&quot; \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627&quot;. (\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635441). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646:&quot; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[28]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 &quot;\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&quot;: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&quot;\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647. \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641&quot;. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635647). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[29]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646:&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u062d\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[30]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b:&quot; 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(\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635460). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1942 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 (<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Geography and Geopolitics<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635646)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647:&quot; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629&quot;. 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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063588). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628:&quot; \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629&quot;. 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\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0640 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 &quot;\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a&quot;. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 43 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 &quot;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">rimland<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&quot; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:&quot; \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&quot;. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629&quot;:&quot; 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(\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635 186). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0631\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f&quot; \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 &quot;\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f&quot;. (\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u063541). \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647:&quot; \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649&quot;. (\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 59 \u064860). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0631 \u0640 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0640 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f&quot; 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">interventionniste<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> \u0648\u0636\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&quot;\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f &quot;\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0645&quot; 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(\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1944\u060c \u063560). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &quot;\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&quot; \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 51 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1944 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &quot;\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot;. (1944\u060c \u063535). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&quot; \u0648&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&quot;\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0642\u064e\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0639 &quot;\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a&quot; 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(\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1944\u060c \u0635 6). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a &quot;\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a&quot;. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 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dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">interventionnisme<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 &quot;\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f&quot;. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 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name=\"_ftnref34\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[34]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0631\u0623\u0649 &quot;\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0631\u062a&quot; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span 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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0625\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[35]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 &quot;\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0631\u062a&quot; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 &quot;\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629&quot; 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(\u0635 239).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 &quot;\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0631\u062a&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646&quot; \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">humanized<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. (\u0635 258). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. (\u0635 258).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644:&quot; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646 &quot;\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629&quot;\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0646\u061f (\u0635 259). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a (1903 \u0640 2002) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0648\u0627 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&quot; 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(<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">O&rsquo;TUATHAIL Geariod<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u060c \u0635 540). \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 &quot;\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632&quot; \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 &quot;\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627&quot; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1930 \u0640 1947. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f &quot;\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627&quot;\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 &quot;\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[41]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 &quot;\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632&quot;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &quot;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">M<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&quot;\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b &quot;\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f&quot; 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(\u0635 195). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u063a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 &quot;\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629&quot; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[44]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629&quot; (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 120 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[45]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0643\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">instrumentalisme<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[46]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[47]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0631\u0623\u0649 &quot;\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0646&quot; \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&quot;. 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style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">wilsonisme<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 24 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 18 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 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\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: &quot;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">The Twenty Years&rsquo; Crisis<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&quot; \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a &quot;\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631&quot;\u060c \u0648 &quot;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Politics Among Nations<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&quot; \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0648<a href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[50]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0623\u0649 &quot;\u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0648&quot; \u0623\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[51]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 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\u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632&quot; \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c &quot;\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn56\" name=\"_ftnref56\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[56]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 &quot;\u062d\u062f\u062b&quot; 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(\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0635117). <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn57\" name=\"_ftnref57\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[57]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a &quot;\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0641\u0631&quot; (1878 \u0640 1956) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a&quot;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646:&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn58\" name=\"_ftnref58\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[58]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&quot; 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\u0648 &quot;\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0633\u064a&quot; \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn59\" name=\"_ftnref59\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[59]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 &quot;\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0634&quot; (1885 \u0640 1956)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 &quot;\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629&quot;\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn60\" name=\"_ftnref60\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[60]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 &quot;\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629&quot; \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 &quot;\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645&quot; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063534 \u0640 35). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0650\u0647\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 &quot;\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a&quot; (1891 \u0640 1955) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 &quot;\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a&quot;:&quot; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn61\" name=\"_ftnref61\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[61]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a &quot;\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631&quot; (1880 \u0640 1963) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn62\" name=\"_ftnref62\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[62]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f &quot;\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631&quot; \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627. (\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0635604). \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f &quot;\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a&quot;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647:&quot; 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\u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a&quot; \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629&quot;. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 &quot;\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647&quot; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0634&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn64\" name=\"_ftnref64\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[64]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &quot;\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646&quot;\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629). \u0631\u0623\u0649 &quot;\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646&quot; \u0623\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064c \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn65\" name=\"_ftnref65\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[65]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 &quot;\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 &quot;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b&quot;. (\u0635108 \u0640 120). \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 &quot;\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0637\u0631\u062d &quot;\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646&quot;\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 &quot;\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f&quot;. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629. (\u0635126).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a &quot;\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631&quot;\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&quot; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:&quot; \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn66\" name=\"_ftnref66\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[66]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 &quot;\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631&quot; \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629:&quot; \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a&quot;. (\u063512). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 &quot;\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631&quot; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 &quot;\u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a&quot;\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631:&quot; \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647&quot;. (\u06355). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:&quot; \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647&quot;. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646&quot; \u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f&quot; (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635149 \u0640 150). \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627. \u064a\u0631\u0649 &quot;\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0644\u064a&quot; \u0623\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn67\" name=\"_ftnref67\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[67]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a&quot;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629&quot; 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dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u062f\u0650\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a 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name=\"_ftnref77\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[77]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0638\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627:&quot; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644&quot;<a href=\"#_ftn78\" name=\"_ftnref78\" title=\"\"><sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">[78]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 73 \u0640 79)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:28px\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"><span style=\"background-color:#e67e22\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641 PDF&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; AGNEW John, &laquo; Re-visioning world politics&rdquo;, London, Routledge, 1998, p.2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; HARTSHORNE Richard, &laquo; The Nature of Geography&rdquo;, Lancaster, Association of American Geographers, 1939, CHAPTER 12.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; DODDS Klaus, &laquo; Geopolitics: A Very Short Introduction&rdquo;, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; O&rsquo;LOUGHLIN John, &ldquo;<em>Dictionary of Geopolitics<\/em>&rdquo;, Westport, Greenwood Press, 1994.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn5\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; AGNEW John, &laquo; Geopolitics: Re-Visioning World Politics&rdquo;, Londers, Routledge, 2003, p.6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn6\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[6]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; SUMIDA Jon, &laquo; In Defence of Naval Supremacy: Finance, Technology, and British Naval, 1889-1914<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">&ldquo;, Paperback, 2014, p. 46.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn7\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[7]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; MAHAN Alfred, &laquo; The influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783&rdquo;, traduction fran&ccedil;aise, Biblioth&egrave;que des introuvables, E. Boisse, 2001, pp. 36 -104.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn8\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[8]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; M. T. SPROUT, &laquo; Mahan : Evangelist of Sea Power &raquo;, in Makers of modem strategy, military thought from Machiavelli to Hitler, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1944.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn9\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[9]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; VIGARIE Andr&eacute;, &laquo; Les conceptions d&rsquo;Alfred Mahan dans l&rsquo;&eacute;volution de la pens&eacute;e navale &raquo;, in La Pens&eacute;e g&eacute;opolitique navale, Paris, &Eacute;conomica, Institut de Strat&eacute;gie compar&eacute;e, 1995, p. 101.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn10\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[10]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; F. Sondern, &ldquo;The Thousand Scientists behind Hitler&rdquo;, <em>The Reader&rsquo;s Digest,<\/em> vol. 38, n&deg; 230, juin 1941, pp. 23-27.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn11\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[11]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; STRAUS &ndash; HUPE Robert, &laquo; <em>Geopolitics. The Struggle for Peace and Power,<\/em> New York, Putman, 1942, pp. 119-124.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn12\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[12]<\/span><\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\"> \u0640 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 &quot;\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a&quot; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a&quot; \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 &quot; \u062c\u064a. \u0622\u0631. \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &quot; <\/span><em>Geopolitics in United States Strategic Policy, 1890-1987,<\/em>Brighton, Wheatsheaf Books<span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\">&quot;\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635. 53. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn13\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[13]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; SCHUMAN L. Frederick, &laquo; Current History &raquo;, n&deg; 9, mai 1942, pp. 161-165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn14\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[14]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; THORNDIKE J. Joseph, &ldquo;Life &raquo;, vol. 13, n&deg; 25, 21 d&eacute;cembre 1942, pp. 106-115.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn15\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[15]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; WHITTLESEY Derwent, &laquo; German Strategy of World Conquest&rdquo;, Farrar &amp; Rinehar, 1942.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn16\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[16]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; HARTSHORNE Richard, &ldquo;Recent Developments in Political Geography&ldquo;, American Political Science Review<em>,<\/em> vol. XXIX, n&deg; 5, 1935, part I, pp. 785-804.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn17\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[17]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; THOMPSON Dorothy, &laquo; On the Record&rdquo;, New York Times<em>,<\/em> 16 juin 1942.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn18\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[18]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; LIPPMANN Walter, &laquo; Today and Tomorrow&rdquo;,<em> <\/em>New York Herald Tribune,<em> <\/em>30 juin 1942, 2 juillet 1942.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn19\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[19]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; RENNER George, &laquo; Political Geography and its point of View&rdquo;, in, World Political Geography, Thomas Y. Crowell<em>,<\/em> New York, 1948.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn20\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[20]<\/span><\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\">\u0640 <\/span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Simplified Arabic&quot;,serif\">\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 &quot;\u064a\u0627\u0644&quot; \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1905 \u06481915. \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1915 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1935 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a &quot;\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632&quot; \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1931 \u06481934\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn21\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[21]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; MAUL Otto, &ldquo;Deutsche Antwort auf Bowmans New World&quot;, Berlin, 1956, Politische Geographie, p. 28.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn22\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[22]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOWMAN Isaiah, &ldquo;Two Works on Political Geography&quot;, Geographical Review, 1924, n&deg; 14, p. 665.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn23\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[23]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOWMAN Isaiah, &ldquo;Some German Works on Political Geography&rdquo;, Geographical Review, 1927, n&deg; 17, p.511.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn24\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[24]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOWMAN Isaiah, &ldquo;Geography and Geopolitics&rdquo;, Geographical Review, 1942, n&deg; 32, p. 646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn25\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[25]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOWMAN Isaiah, &ldquo;Geography in Relation to the Social Sciences&rdquo;, New York, Hardcover, 1934, p.212.<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn26\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[26]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; SMITH Neil, &ldquo;Bowman&#39;s New World and the Council on Foreign Relations&rdquo;, Geographical Review, Oct. 1986 Vol. 76, N&deg;, 4, pp. 438-460.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn27\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[27]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; KEARNS Gerry, &ldquo;Neil Smith: a critical geographer&rdquo;, Environment and Planning, Society and Space&rdquo;, 2012, volume 30, pp. 955-957.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn28\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[28]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOWMAN Isaiah,&rdquo; &ldquo;Geography and Geopolitics&rdquo;, ibid, p.647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn29\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[29]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOWMAN Isaiah, &ldquo;Political Geography of Power&quot;. Geographical Review, n&deg; 32, 1942, p. 349.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn30\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[30]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; GEOFFREY J. Martin, &ldquo;The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman&rdquo;, Hardcover, Archon Books, 1980, p. 179.<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn31\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[31]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; BOWMAN Isaiah, &ldquo;The Strategy of Territorial Decisions&rdquo;, Foreign Affairs, article, 1946.<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn32\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[32]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; KISSINGER Henry, &laquo; Diplomacy&rdquo;, New York, 1994, Simon and Schuster, p. 813.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn33\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[33]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; ZAJEC Olivier, &ldquo;Introduction &agrave; The Geography of the Peace&rdquo;, Res Militaris,<strong> <\/strong>Geneva<strong>, <\/strong>2014 vol 4, n&deg; 1, Winter-Spring, PP. 4-10.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn34\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[34]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; WEIGERT W. Hans, &laquo; Generals and Geographers: The Twilight of Geopolitics&rdquo;, New York, Oxford University Press, 1942, p. 4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn35\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[35]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; WEIGERT W. Hans, &ldquo;The meaning and scope of political geography&rdquo;, in, Principles of Political geogaphy, New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1957, pp. 3-25.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn36\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[36]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; O&rsquo;TUATHAIL Geariod, &laquo; Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space&rdquo;, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, p.6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn37\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[37]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; HUPE-Strausz, &laquo; Geopolitics: The Struggle for Space and Power&rdquo;, New York: Putnam, 1942, p. 7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn38\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[38]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; BASSIN Mark, &laquo; Race contra space: the conflict between German geopolitik and National Socialism&rdquo; Political Geography Quarterly, volume 6, April 1987, pp. 115-134.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn39\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[39]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; HUPE-Strausz, &ldquo;It&rsquo;s smart to be geopolitical&rdquo;, The Saturday Review of Literature, (6 February), pp.4-21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn40\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[40]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; Business Week, &laquo; The trend: the case for geopolitics&rdquo;, 1 August, 1942, p. 68, in O&rsquo;TUATHAIL Geariod, &laquo; Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space&rdquo;, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, p. 539.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn41\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[41]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; BEUKEMA Herman, &laquo; School for statesmen&rdquo;, Fortune 27, 1943.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn42\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[42]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; HUPE-Strausz, &ldquo;The Balance of Tomorrow&rdquo;, New York, 1945, p.7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn43\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[43]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; HUPE-Strausz, &laquo; Geopolitics: The Struggle for Space and Power&rdquo;, op. cit., p. 220.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn44\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[44]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; O&rsquo;TUATHAIL Geariod, &laquo; Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space&rdquo;, op. cit., p. 552.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn45\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[45]<\/span><\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\">\u0640 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 &quot;\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633&quot; (1842 \u0640 1910) \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 &quot;\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646&quot; <\/span>realistes<span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\"> \u0623\u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f&quot; <sup><sup><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[45]<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/span>n&eacute;o-r&eacute;alistes <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\">. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a &quot;\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646&quot; (1859 \u0640 1925) \u0623\u0646\u0647:&quot; \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a&quot;. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &quot;\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0650\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 &quot;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&quot;.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn46\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[46]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; DONNELLY Jack, in &ldquo;Theories of International Relations&rdquo;, Deakin University, 1995, p. 29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn47\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[47]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; GILPIN G. Robert, &ldquo;The richness of the tradition of political realism&rdquo;, in R. O. Keohane, Neo-Realism and Its Critics, New York, 1986, p. 305.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn48\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[48]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; DAHRENDORF Ralf, &ldquo;Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society&rdquo;, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1959.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn49\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[49]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; DONNELLY Jack, &laquo;Realism and the Academic Study of International Relations&rdquo;, in Political Science in History. Research Programs and Political Traditions, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 178.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn50\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[50]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; CARR Edward Hallett, &ldquo;The Twenty Years&#39; Crisis, 1919-1939. An Introduction to the Study of International Relations&rdquo;, New York, Harper &amp; Row, 1946 [1939]; MONGENTHAU Hans,&rdquo; Politics among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace&rdquo;, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1993 [1948].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn51\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[51]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; MONGENTHAU Hans, &ldquo;Une th&eacute;orie r&eacute;aliste de la politique internationale&raquo;, Paris, PUF, 1977, p.85.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn52\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[52]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; JORGENSEN Knud, &laquo; International Relations Theory A New Introduction &raquo;, London, Palgrave Macmillan pp.70- 78.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn53\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[53]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; MONGENTHAU Hans, &laquo; Politics Among Nation: the Struggle for Power and Peace&rdquo;, London, McGraw-Hill, 1993,p. 218<em>. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn54\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[54]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; WALTZ Kenneth, &laquo; Theory of International Politics&rdquo;, New York, Mac Graw Hill, 1979.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn55\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[55]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; HOBBES, &laquo; Leviathan &raquo;, SPINOZA, &laquo; Trait&eacute; politique &raquo;, Paris 1966. LOCKE, &laquo; Second trait&eacute; du gouvernement civil, Paris, 1994. ROUSSEAU, &laquo; Discours sur l&rsquo;origine et les fondements de l&rsquo;in&eacute;galit&eacute; entre les hommes &raquo;, Paris, 2008. HEGEL, &laquo; Principes de la philosophie du droit &raquo;, Paris, 2003.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn56\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[56]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; KENNEDY Paul, &laquo; Naissance et d&eacute;clin des grandes puissances &raquo;, Paris, Payot, 2004, pp. 170-172.<strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn57\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:right\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[57]<\/span><\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\"> \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c <\/span>GRIECO Joseph<span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\">\u060c &quot; <\/span>Cooperation Among Nations<span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\">&quot;\u060c <\/span>Cornell University Press, 1990<span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align:right\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn58\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[58]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; FEBVRE Lucien, &laquo; La terre et l&rsquo;&eacute;volution humaine. Introduction g&eacute;ographique &agrave; l&rsquo;histoire &raquo;, Paris, Albin Michel, 1949, p. 78.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn59\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[59]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; PARKER Geoffrey, &laquo; Geopolitical Thought in the Twentieth Century&rdquo;, London, Reprint, 2014, p.109.<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn60\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[60]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; WALSH Edmund, &laquo; Geopolitics and international morals&rdquo;, in,<sup> <\/sup>H.W. Weigert, &ldquo;Generals and Geographers&rdquo;, op. cit. p.12.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn61\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[61]<\/span><\/span><\/a>-PEATTIE Roderick, &laquo; Look to the Frontiers. A Geography for the Peace Table&rdquo;, New York, London, Harper &amp; Brothers, 1944, p. 38.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn62\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[62]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; TAYLOR Griffith, &laquo; Geopolitics and Geopacifics &raquo;, op. cit. p. 646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn63\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[63]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; FIFIELD Russell, PEARCY G. Etzel, &laquo; Geopolitics in principle and practice &raquo;,<strong> <\/strong>Boston,<strong> <\/strong>Ginn and company, 1944.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn64\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[64]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; ANTONSICH Marco, &laquo; Dalla Geopolitica alla Geopolitik. Conversione ideological di une dottrina di Potenza&rdquo;, Italy, Universit&eacute;s de Trieste et de Naples, Quaderni del Dottorato di ricerca in geografia politica, 1995, pp. 54-87.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn65\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[65]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; MATTERN Johannes, &laquo; politik: Doctrine of National Self-sufficiency and Empire&rdquo;, Johns Hopkins Press, University of California, 1942, p. 108.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn66\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[66]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; RENNER T. Georges, &laquo; Definition and Scope of Political Geography&rdquo;, in G.F. Pearcy, R.H. Fifield, &ldquo;Geopolitik: Doctrine of National Self-sufficiency and Empire&rdquo;, op .cit., 1-12.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn67\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[67]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; ASHLEY K. Richard, &laquo; The Poverty of Neorealism&rdquo;, International Organization, Vol. 38, N&deg; 2, Spring, 1984, pp. 225-286.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn68\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[68]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; TROLL Carl, &ldquo;Geographic Science in Germany during the Period 1933-1945. Critics and justification&rdquo;, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 39, N&deg;2, 1949, pp. 99-137.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn69\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[69]<\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8211; WHITTLESEY, &laquo; Geopolitics &raquo;, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1951, N&deg; 10, p. 182.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn70\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[70]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; SARKESIAN C. Sam, &laquo; US National Security: Policymakers, Processes, and Politics&rdquo;, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989, pp. 3-5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn71\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[71]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; LASSWELL Harold, &laquo; The Garrison State &raquo;, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 46, juillet 1940-mai 1941, pp. 455-68.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn72\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[72]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BEUKEMA Herman, &laquo; Geopolitics in College&rdquo;, Time Magazine<em>,<\/em> 19 janvier 1942.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn73\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[73]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; SEVERSKY P. Alexander, &laquo; Victory through Air Power&rdquo;, New York, Simon and Schuster\/BoMC, 1942, &ldquo;Air Power: key to Survival&rdquo;, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1950.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn74\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref74\" name=\"_ftn74\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[74]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; SPROUT Henry and Margaret, &laquo; Environmental Factors in the Study of International Politics &raquo;, in D. Jackson Politics and Geography Relationships, New Jersey, Englewood Cliffs, 1964, pp. 309-328.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn75\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref75\" name=\"_ftn75\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[75]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOULDING E. Kenneth, &laquo; The Image: Knowledge in life and Society&rdquo;, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, p.423.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn76\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref76\" name=\"_ftn76\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[76]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; ALEXANDER G. Michele, LEVIN Shana, &ldquo;Image Theory, Social Identity, and Social Dominance: Structural Characteristics and Individual Motives Underlying International Images&rdquo;, Political Psychology, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Volume 26, pp. 27-45.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn77\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref77\" name=\"_ftn77\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[77]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; BOULDING E. Kenneth, &laquo; National images and International Systems &raquo; in<em> <\/em>Kasperson and Minghi, The Structure of Political Geography, Chicago, Aldine Publishing, 1971.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn78\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/salah\/Desktop\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9.docx#_ftnref78\" name=\"_ftn78\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">[78]<\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8211; GERE Fran&ccedil;ois, &laquo; Pour la strat&eacute;gie &raquo;, in Les lauriers incertains. Strat&eacute;gie et politique militaire des Etats-Unis. 1980-2000, p. 48.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<BR><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-pdf-viewer-pdf wp-block-embed-pdf-viewer-pdf__content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<object class=\"embed-pdf-viewer\" data=\"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/pdf\/297230.pdf#scrollbar=1&amp;toolbar=1\" type=\"application\/pdf\" height=\"600\" width=\"600\"><\/object><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"embed-pdf-viewer\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https:\/\/asbarme.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/pdf\/297230.pdf&amp;embedded=true\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"600\" width=\"600\"><\/iframe><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &nbsp; \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0641&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 1\/2 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 &quot;\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646&quot; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1878 \u0640 1950) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648&quot;\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-24"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3706"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3706\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asbarme.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}